Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is the communicationsprotocol currently being rolled out as part of next generation airtransportation systems. As the heart of modern air traffic control, it willplay an essential role in the protection of two billion passengers per year,besides being crucial to many other interest groups in aviation. The inherentlack of security measures in the ADS-B protocol has long been a topic in boththe aviation circles and in the academic community. Due to recently publishedproof-of-concept attacks, the topic is becoming ever more pressing, especiallywith the deadline for mandatory implementation in most airspaces fastapproaching. This survey first summarizes the attacks and problems that have been reportedin relation to ADS-B security. Thereafter, it surveys both the theoretical andpractical efforts which have been previously conducted concerning these issues,including possible countermeasures. In addition, the survey seeks to go beyondthe current state of the art and gives a detailed assessment of securitymeasures which have been developed more generally for related wireless networkssuch as sensor networks and vehicular ad hoc networks, including a taxonomy ofall considered approaches.
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